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Banking System Project

Overview

Build a complete banking system with different account types using inheritance and polymorphism.

Objectives

  • Design a class hierarchy for different account types
  • Implement transaction handling
  • Apply polymorphism for interest calculation
  • Manage customer accounts

Requirements

1. Base Account Class

Create an abstract BankAccount class with: - Attributes: account_number, account_holder, balance, transactions (list) - Methods: - deposit(amount) - add money to account - withdraw(amount) - remove money (check sufficient balance) - get_balance() - return current balance - get_transaction_history() - return list of all transactions - apply_fees() - apply monthly fees (if any) - Abstract method: calculate_interest() - varies by account type - Abstract method: get_account_type() - return account type name

2. Account Types

Implement these account types:

SavingsAccount - Minimum balance: $100 - Monthly fee: $0 (no fee) - Interest rate: 2% annual (compounded monthly) - Withdrawal limit: 6 per month - Penalty: $5 fee if minimum balance not maintained

CheckingAccount - Minimum balance: $25 - Monthly fee: $5 (waived if balance > $500) - Interest rate: 0.1% annual - No withdrawal limit - Overdraft protection: Can go negative up to -$100 (with $35 fee)

BusinessAccount - Minimum balance: $1000 - Monthly fee: $15 - Interest rate: 1.5% annual - No withdrawal limit - Transaction fee: $0.50 per transaction after 50 transactions/month

StudentAccount (inherits from SavingsAccount) - Minimum balance: $0 - Monthly fee: $0 - Interest rate: 1.5% annual - Withdrawal limit: 10 per month - Age restriction: Account holder must be student

3. Customer Class

Create a Customer class with: - Attributes: customer_id, name, email, accounts (list) - Methods: - add_account(account) - open new account - close_account(account_number) - close account - get_total_balance() - sum of all account balances - get_all_accounts() - return list of all accounts - transfer(from_account, to_account, amount) - move money between accounts

4. Bank Class

Create a Bank class that: - Manages all customers and accounts - Assigns account numbers - Processes monthly maintenance (fees and interest) - Generates reports - Methods: - create_customer(name, email) - create new customer - find_customer(customer_id) - find customer by ID - open_account(customer_id, account_type) - open account for customer - process_monthly_maintenance() - apply fees and interest to all accounts - get_total_assets() - sum of all balances - generate_report() - display bank statistics

5. Transaction Class

Create a Transaction class to track: - Transaction ID - Date/time - Transaction type (deposit, withdrawal, transfer, fee, interest) - Amount - Balance after transaction

Sample Usage

# Create bank
bank = Bank("First National Bank")

# Create customer
customer = bank.create_customer("John Doe", "john@email.com")

# Open accounts
savings = bank.open_account(customer.customer_id, "savings")
checking = bank.open_account(customer.customer_id, "checking")

# Perform transactions
savings.deposit(1000)
checking.deposit(500)
checking.withdraw(50)

# Transfer money
customer.transfer(savings, checking, 200)

# Check balances
print(f"Savings: ${savings.get_balance()}")
print(f"Checking: ${checking.get_balance()}")

# Monthly maintenance
bank.process_monthly_maintenance()

Bonus Features

  • Add credit card accounts
  • Implement loan accounts
  • Add transaction categories
  • Create account statements
  • Add fraud detection
  • Implement direct deposit
  • Add bill payment system

Testing Requirements

Your implementation should: 1. Create multiple customers 2. Open different account types 3. Perform various transactions 4. Test withdrawal limits 5. Test minimum balance violations 6. Test overdraft protection 7. Calculate and apply interest 8. Generate transaction history 9. Test monthly maintenance 10. Generate bank reports

Files to Create

  • accounts.py - All account classes
  • customer.py - Customer class
  • bank.py - Bank management
  • transaction.py - Transaction tracking
  • main.py - Demo program
  • README.md - This file

Good luck building your bank! 💰